Title
Improved methodology to survey veterinary antibiotics in environmental samples using µSPEed microextraction followed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography
Authors
[ 1 ] Department of Water Supply and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland | [ 2 ] Instytut Inżynierii Środowiska i Instalacji Budowlanych, Wydział Inżynierii Środowiska i Energetyki, Politechnika Poznańska | [ 3 ] Instytut Chemii i Elektrochemii Technicznej, Wydział Technologii Chemicznej, Politechnika Poznańska | [ SzD ] doctoral school student | [ P ] employee
Scientific discipline (Law 2.0)
[2.10] Environmental engineering, mining and energy[7.6] Chemical sciences
Year of publication
2025
Published in
Article type
scientific article
Publication language
english
Keywords
EN
- µSPEed microextraction
- Veterinary antibiotics
- Environmental water
- Food chain surveillance
- Liquid chromatography
- Tetracyclines
Abstract
EN A μSPEed microextraction combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with UV detection was developed for analysing six veterinary antibiotics (tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim) in environmental samples. To optimise extraction, 12 sorbent cartridges, sample loading cycles, volumes, and pH were assayed. The PS/DVB-RP cartridge, three 250 μL sample loading cycles, and two 50-µL elutions with acidified methanol yielded maximum efficiency. The method was validated with optimised fast chromatographic separation, showing good linearity (R2 > 0.99), precision (RSD < 20%), and recoveries between 46-86%. Detection and quantification limits ranged from 0.30-1.23 μg L−1 and 0.92-3.73 μg L−1, respectively. The optimised μSPEed/UPLC-PDA efficiently analysed environmental water samples, requiring only 6 min extraction, 6 min analysis, and 500 μL sample, surpassing alternative methods in speed, workloads and reproducibility. The cost-effective, commercially available equipment facilitates accessibility for laboratories and adaptability for analysing selected antibiotics in diverse matrices, including food and environmental samples.
Date of online publication
08.03.2025
Pages (from - to)
68-1 - 68-8
Comments
Article Number: 68
License type
CC BY-NC-ND (attribution - noncommercial - no derivatives)
Open Access Mode
open journal
Open Access Text Version
final published version
Date of Open Access to the publication
at the time of publication
Ministry points / journal
20
Impact Factor
6,2 [List 2024]
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