Title
New insight of surface water disinfection by Fe2+-SPC: Important role of carbonate radical and the influence of carbonate/bicarbonate ions on free radicals balance
Authors
[ 1 ] Instytut Inżynierii Środowiska i Instalacji Budowlanych, Wydział Inżynierii Środowiska i Energetyki, Politechnika Poznańska | [ P ] employee
Scientific discipline (Law 2.0)
Year of publication
2025
Published in
Article type
scientific article
Publication language
english
Keywords
EN
- Virus removal
- Fenton-like system
- Free radicals
- HCO3−
- CO32-
Abstract
EN Waterborne viruses significantly endanger public health during water treatment. To explore green, efficient solutions, we compared Fe2+-H2O2 and Fe2+-SPC (sodium percarbonate, solid synthesis of H2O2 and Na2CO3) treatment for virus-laden water (MS2 bacteriophage as the viral model). The Fe2+-SPC system proved more effective in virus elimination at 45 μmol/L and offered sustained disinfection within 24 h. Free radicals: HO•, CO3- •, O2•- contributed 27.62 %, 23.89 %, 11.78 %, respectively to virus removal in the system. Non-radical contributions (1O2) and adsorption & coagulation were 17.87 % and 18.85 %. CO3- • with higher stability and longevity leading to superior virus elimination and prolonged disinfection. HCO3- and CO32- are crucial for producing CO3- • and can convert HO• into CO3- •. 1 μmol/L HCO3- can boost virus removal from 5.35 LRV to 5.41 LRV with 30 μmol/L Fe2+-SPC and shorten virus elimination time to 18 h. CO32- excessively converts HO• into CO3- •, disrupting the system’s free radical balance due to high hydrolysis constant and reaction rate, resulting in a poor virus removal enhancement. This study provides a potentially economical method for virus-laden water treatment and explores the contribution and transformation mechanism of free radicals in the Fe2+-SPC system. It also provides insights into optimizing virus removal in the presence of HCO3- and CO32-.
Pages (from - to)
125345-1 - 125345-10
Comments
Article Number: 125345
Ministry points / journal
200
Impact Factor
8 [List 2023]
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