Title
Synthesis of ternary and quaternary MAX phases in Ti/Cr/Nb/V-Al-C system by high energy ball milling and pressureless spark plasma sintering
Authors
[ 1 ] Wydział Inżynierii Materiałowej i Fizyki Technicznej, Politechnika Poznańska | [ 2 ] Instytut Technologii Mechanicznej, Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej, Politechnika Poznańska | [ 3 ] Instytut Inżynierii Materiałowej, Wydział Inżynierii Materiałowej i Fizyki Technicznej, Politechnika Poznańska | [ SzD ] doctoral school student | [ P ] employee
Scientific discipline (Law 2.0)
Year of publication
2025
Published in
Article type
scientific article
Publication language
english
Keywords
EN
- Spark Plasma Sintering
- High-energy ball milling
- MAX phase
- Indentation
- Structural analysis
- Thermogravimetry
Abstract
EN The search for MAX phase synthesis methods that allow good energy efficiency and phase purity remains ongoing. In this work, high energy ball milling and pressureless spark plasma sintering were used to synthesize ternary and quaternary MAX phases from Ti/Nb/V/Cr-Al-C system in a powder form. The powders were densified in a separate spark plasma sintering process. Synthesized powders and bulks structure were studied using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. Chemical composition was determined using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and carbon and oxygen analyzers. Thermal oxidation and mechanical properties were assessed using thermogravimetry and nanoindentation. The high energy ball milling and pressureless spark plasma sintering route allowed fabrication of both ternary and quaternary MAX phase systems, except TiCrAlC and NbCrAlC. The synthesized MAX phases purity was in the range of 92–98 %, according to Rietveld refinement. Secondary phases consisted of M-X carbides and M-A intermetallics, as well as aluminum oxide. The highest hardness and elastic modulus values were observed for Nb2AlC and NbVAlC MAX phases. Thermogravimetric tests showed limited oxidation rate of MAX phases within 20–900°C range, except for Ti2AlC, which could be attributed to increased oxygen content before test. This work presents a beneficial method for fabrication of relatively phase-pure MAX phases using different M-type elements as precursor materials.
Pages (from - to)
180272-1 - 180272-8
License type
CC BY (attribution alone)
Open Access Mode
open journal
Open Access Text Version
final published version
Date of Open Access to the publication
at the time of publication
Ministry points / journal
100
Impact Factor
5,8 [List 2023]
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