Title
Modeling of Instantaneous CO2 Concentration under Real-World Operating Conditions of Passenger Vehicles Using RDE Data and Standard Onboard Engine Parameters
Authors
[ 1 ] Instytut Napędów i Lotnictwa, Wydział Inżynierii Lądowej i Transportu, Politechnika Poznańska | [ P ] employee
Scientific discipline (Law 2.0)
Year of publication
2026
Article type
scientific article
Publication language
english
Keywords
Abstract
EN Precise evaluation of vehicle CO₂ emissions under real-world driving conditions is essential for meeting stringent regulations. While laboratory procedures such as WLTC ensure repeatability, they fail to reflect transient conditions typical of everyday driving, and PEMS-based RDE measurements remain costly. This study proposes a data-driven approach for reconstructing instantaneous CO₂ concentration using onboard engine parameters - engine speed, exhaust gas temperature and exhaust mass flow rate - without direct CO₂ sensing. Linear, nonlinear and ensemble machine learning models were evaluated using an RDE dataset of 5200 synchronized observations collected on a mixed urbanrural route. Ensemble methods, particularly Random Forest (R² = 0.715, RMSE = 15,307 ppm) and XGBoost (R² = 0.669), achieved the highest accuracy and reproduced steady-state conditions and rapid CO₂ drops during fuel-cut events. The results confirm that reliable CO₂ estimation can be achieved using a minimal OBD-based input set, enabling costeffective emission monitoring and real-time onboard applications.
Pages (from - to)
1 - 17
License type
CC BY (attribution alone)
Open Access Mode
open journal
Open Access Text Version
final published version
Date of Open Access to the publication
at the time of publication
Ministry points / journal
140
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