Title
Real-Driving Emissions of Euro 2–Euro 6 Vehicles in Poland—17 Years of Experience
Authors
[ 1 ] Instytut Napędów i Lotnictwa, Wydział Inżynierii Lądowej i Transportu, Politechnika Poznańska | [ 2 ] Wydział Inżynierii Lądowej i Transportu, Politechnika Poznańska | [ P ] employee | [ SzD ] doctoral school student
Scientific discipline (Law 2.0)
Year of publication
2026
Published in
Article type
scientific article
Publication language
english
Abstract
EN The article presents the development and results of emission studies conducted in Poland in the context of global real-driving emissions research. Although the European Union has continuously tightened exhaust-emission standards, road transport remains one of the major sources of air pollution. Several research centers in Poland—including Rzeszów University of Technology, Poznan University of Technology, and the Motor Transport Institute—have been conducting on-road emission measurements for many years across a wide spectrum of vehicles: conventional, hybrid (including plug-in hybrids), and fully electric. The findings show that emissions under real-world driving conditions often differ from those obtained in homologation tests, particularly for nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Ambient temperature, road gradient, and driving phases (urban, rural, motorway) were also identified as influential factors. Polish research centers have developed analytical tools enabling comparison between laboratory and on-road tests and allowing real-driving emissions to be estimated based on chassis-dynamometer data. Studies on plug-in hybrids highlighted that these vehicles remain environmentally beneficial only when regularly charged; otherwise, their emissions can increase sharply. Overall, the research confirms that on-road testing is essential for a reliable evaluation of vehicle performance, and the results can contribute to designing more eco-friendly technologies and improving future emission regulations.
Date of online publication
29.12.2025
Pages (from - to)
348-1 - 348-33
License type
CC BY (attribution alone)
Open Access Mode
open journal
Open Access Text Version
original author's version
Date of Open Access to the publication
at the time of publication
Ministry points / journal
100
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