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Article

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Title

Cloud Based Fault Diagnosis by Convolutional Neural Network as Time–Frequency RGB Image Recognition of Industrial Machine Vibration with Internet of Things Connectivity

Authors

[ 1 ] Instytut Robotyki i Inteligencji Maszynowej, Wydział Automatyki, Robotyki i Elektrotechniki, Politechnika Poznańska | [ P ] employee

Scientific discipline (Law 2.0)

[2.2] Automation, electronics, electrical engineering and space technologies

Year of publication

2023

Published in

Sensors

Journal year: 2023 | Journal volume: vol. 23 | Journal number: iss. 7

Article type

scientific article

Publication language

english

Keywords
EN
  • image recognition
  • HTTP
  • MQTT
  • feature extraction
  • convolutional neural network
  • time–frequency domain
  • short-time Fourier transform
  • sliding discrete Fourier transform
Abstract

EN The human-centric and resilient European industry called Industry 5.0 requires a long lifetime of machines to reduce electronic waste. The appropriate way to handle this problem is to apply a diagnostic system capable of remotely detecting, isolating, and identifying faults. The authors present usage of HTTP/1.1 protocol for batch processing as a fault diagnosis server. Data are sent by microcontroller HTTP client in JSON format to the diagnosis server. Moreover, the MQTT protocol was used for stream (micro batch) processing from microcontroller client to two fault diagnosis clients. The first fault diagnosis MQTT client uses only frequency data for evaluation. The authors’ enhancement to standard fast Fourier transform (FFT) was their usage of sliding discrete Fourier transform (rSDFT, mSDFT, gSDFT, and oSDFT) which allows recursively updating the spectrum based on a new sample in the time domain and previous results in the frequency domain. This approach allows to reduce the computational cost. The second approach of the MQTT client for fault diagnosis uses short-time Fourier transform (STFT) to transform IMU 6 DOF sensor data into six spectrograms that are combined into an RGB image. All three-axis accelerometer and three-axis gyroscope data are used to obtain a time-frequency RGB image. The diagnosis of the machine is performed by a trained convolutional neural network suitable for RGB image recognition. Prediction result is returned as a JSON object with predicted state and probability of each state. For HTTP, the fault diagnosis result is sent in response, and for MQTT, it is send to prediction topic. Both protocols and both proposed approaches are suitable for fault diagnosis based on the mechanical vibration of the rotary machine and were tested in demonstration.

Date of online publication

05.04.2023

Pages (from - to)

3755-1 - 3755-22

URL

https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073755

Comments

Article number: 3755

License type

CC BY (attribution alone)

Open Access Mode

open journal

Open Access Text Version

final published version

Release date

05.04.2023

Date of Open Access to the publication

at the time of publication

Full text of article

Download file

Access level to full text

public

Ministry points / journal

100

Impact Factor

3,4

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