Perspectives on NOX Emissions and Impacts from Ammonia Combustion Processes
[ 1 ] Instytut Energetyki Cieplnej, Wydział Inżynierii Środowiska i Energetyki, Politechnika Poznańska | [ P ] pracownik
2024
artykuł naukowy
angielski
- ammonia
- fuels
- hydrogen
- mixtures
- redox reactions
EN Climate change and global warming necessitate the shift toward low-emission, carbon-free fuels. Although hydrogen boasts zero carbon content and highperformance, its utilization is impeded by the complexities and costs involved inliquefaction, preservation, and transportation. Ammonia has emerged as a viablealternative that offers potential as a renewable energy storage medium and supportsthe global economy’s decarbonization. With its broader applicability in large poweroutput applications, decentralized energy sources, and industrial locations off thegrid, ammonia is increasingly regarded as an essential fuel for the future. Althoughammonia provides a sustainable solution for future low-carbon energy fields, itswide-scale adoption is limited by NOX emissions and poor combustion performanceunder certain conditions. As research on ammonia combustion expands, recentfindings reveal factors impacting the chemical reaction pathways of ammonia-basedfuels, including the equivalence ratio, fuel mixture, pressure, and temperature.Investigations into ammonia combustion and NOX emissions, at both laboratory and industrial scales, have identified NOXproduction peaks at equivalence ratios of 0.8−0.9 for ammonia/hydrogen blends. The latest studies about the NOX emissions of theammonia flame at different conditions and their generating pathways are reviewed in this work. Effective reduction in NOproduction from ammonia-based flames can be achieved with richer blends, which generate more NHi radicals. Other advanced NOXmitigation techniques such as plasma-assisted combustion have been also explored. Further research is required to address thesechallenges, reduce emissions, and improve efficiencies of ammonia-based fuel blends. Finally, the extinction limit of ammoniaturbulent flame, its influential factors, and different strategies to promote the ammonia flame stability were discussed. The presentreview contributes to disseminating the latest advancements in the field of ammonia combustion and highlights the importance ofrefining reaction mechanisms, computational models, and understanding fundamental phenomena for practical implications.
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