The Recyclability of Fire-Retarded Biobased Polyamide 11 (PA11) Composites Reinforced with Basalt Fibers (BFs): The Influence of Reprocessing on Structure, Properties, and Fire Behavior

Mateusz Barczewski; Aleksander Hejna; Jacek Andrzejewski; Joanna Aniśko; Adam Piasecki; Adrian Mróz; Zaida Ortega; Daria Rutkowska; Kamila Sałasińska

doi:10.3390/molecules29133233

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Title

The Recyclability of Fire-Retarded Biobased Polyamide 11 (PA11) Composites Reinforced with Basalt Fibers (BFs): The Influence of Reprocessing on Structure, Properties, and Fire Behavior

Authors

Mateusz Barczewski (WIM) ^{[ 1 ][ 2.9 ][ P ]}
Aleksander Hejna (WIM) ^{[ 1 ][ 2.9 ][ P ]}
Jacek Andrzejewski (WIM) ^{[ 1 ][ 2.9 ][ P ]}
Joanna Aniśko (WIM) ^{[ 2 ][ 2.9 ][ SzD ]}
Adam Piasecki (WIMiFT) ^{[ 3 ][ 2.8 ][ P ]}
Adrian Mróz
Zaida Ortega
Daria Rutkowska
Kamila Sałasińska

^{[ 1 ]} Instytut Technologii Materiałów, Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej, Politechnika Poznańska | ^{[ 2 ]} Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej, Politechnika Poznańska | ^{[ 3 ]} Instytut Inżynierii Materiałowej, Wydział Inżynierii Materiałowej i Fizyki Technicznej, Politechnika Poznańska | ^{[ P ]} employee | ^{[ SzD ]} doctoral school student

Scientific discipline (Law 2.0)

[2.8] Materials engineering
[2.9] Mechanical engineering

Year of publication

2024

Published in

Molecules

Journal year: 2024 | Journal volume: vol. 29 | Journal number: iss. 13

Article type

scientific article

Publication language

english

Keywords

EN

polyamide
PA11
bio-polyamide
mechanical recycling
waste management
intumescent flame retardant
composite
basalt fibers
flammability
circular economy

Abstract

EN The growing requirements regarding the safety of using polymers and their composites are related to the emergence of more effective, sustainable, and hazardous-limited fire retardants (FRs). Significant amounts of FRs are usually required to effectively affect a polymer’s burning behavior, while the knowledge of their recycling potential is still insufficient. At the same time, concerns are related not only to the reduced effectiveness of flame retardancy but also, above all, to the potential deterioration of mechanical properties caused by the degradation of temperature-affected additives under processing conditions. This study describes the impact of the four-time reprocessing of bio-based polyamide 11 (PA11) modified with an intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) system composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine cyanurate (MC), and pentaerythritol (PER) and its composites containing additional short basalt fibers (BFs). Composites manufactured via twin-screw extrusion were subjected to four reprocessing cycles using injection molding. A comprehensive analysis of their structural, mechanical, and fire behavior changes in each cycle was conducted. The obtained results confirmed the safety of using the proposed fire-retarded polyamide and its composites while reprocessing under the recommended process parameters without the risk of significant changes in the structure. The partial increase in flammability of reprocessed PA-based materials caused mainly by polymer degradation has been described.

Date of online publication

08.07.2024

Pages (from - to)

3233-1 - 3233-21

DOI

10.3390/molecules29133233

URL

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/13/3233

Comments

Article Number: 3233

License type

CC BY (attribution alone)