Effect of Cation Sorption on 2,4-D Mobility of Herbicidal Ionic Liquids in Agricultural Soil Combined with Diversity of the Bacterial Community
[ 1 ] Instytut Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej, Wydział Technologii Chemicznej, Politechnika Poznańska | [ 2 ] Instytut Chemii i Elektrochemii Technicznej, Wydział Technologii Chemicznej, Politechnika Poznańska | [ P ] employee | [ SzD ] doctoral school student | [ S ] student | [ D ] phd student
2022
scientific article
english
- 2
- 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- Ionic bond energy
- Ion integrity
- Microbial community profiling
- Phytotoxicity
- Sorption isotherm
- Toxicity
EN Ionic liquids (ILs) are thought to have unlimited configurability of the properties through selection of ions, e.g., thermal stability, nonflammability, and lower toxicity. For the example of a herbicidal ionic liquid, we decided to test if it is possible to increase the hydrophobicity of a soluble, easily leachable anionic herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [2,4-D], by pairing it with betaine [Bet] and modified betaine zwitterions characterized by increasing hydrophobicity. This would be important in terms of the environmental fate of herbicides. The resulting adsorption (Freundlich) in agricultural soil was equal to 87−95% for hydrophobic [C12Bet] (Kf = 80.2 mg1−1/nL1/n/g) and [CAPBet] (Kf = 31.4) and 3% for hydrophilic [Bet] (Kf <1). The adsorption of [2,4-D] anions was minimal, indicating no statistical effect of the hydrophobicity of cation on the anion sorption. This was also confirmed by 1 H−1 H NOESY spectra and calculated interaction energies between ions. Moreover, toxicity, rhizosphere metabiome, and phytotoxicity studies revealed the dominant role of hydrophobic surface-active derivatives of betaines. We suggest the need for a better definition of ILs, as it is possible that many of the previously described ILs were no longer an IL after their introduction into the environment and instead became an independent mixture of ions.
13.09.2022
12559 - 12568
CC BY (attribution alone)
czasopismo hybrydowe
final published version
13.09.2022
at the time of publication
public
140
8,4